Insulin resistance is a condition in which normal concentrations of insulin produce less than normal biological response. Or it can also be called a state of resistance to the metabolic effects of insulin. The metabolic effects of insulin are the suppression of endogenously produced glucose, stimulation of peripheral glucose retention (predominantly in muscles) and gluconeogenesis, and suppression of lipolysis in adipose tissue.

Normally, insulin suppresses the production of glucose (sugar) in the liver by inhibiting gluconeogenesis (converting other substances into sugar) and glycogenolysis (converting glycogen, which is a storage sugar, into sugar). It also transports glucose to peripheral tissues such as muscle and fat tissue, where it is either stored as glycogen or oxidized to produce energy. So the net result is that blood sugar FALLS. In insulin resistance

Resistance to these effects of insulin in the liver, muscle and fat tissue occurs, and the glucose-lowering effect of the liver is impaired. Insulin-mediated glucose retention in muscle and fat tissue also decreases. In this case, the insulin in the environment tries to reduce blood sugar by increasing insulin enough to meet this resistance. Thus, to lower blood sugar, Puncreatic beta cells constantly increase insulin secretion. As a result, while the normal sugar level is maintained, the insulin level is 2 times higher than normal. This causes the pancreas to work at excessive capacity.

Although insulin resistance is common in type 2 diabetes and obesity, it has been detected in 25% of healthy individuals who are not obese and have a normal OGTT and in 25% of patients with essential hypertension (insulin resistance). Therefore, insulin resistance is a common and common condition in society. In 1988, Reaven observed that obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerotic heart diseases were found in the same patient more frequently than coincidence, and suggested that they were caused by the same metabolic disorder. Based on this, Reaven described the insulin resistance syndrome (syndrome This group of diseases was later named metabolic syndrome, among which non-insulin-dependent diabetes, essential hypertension and coronary heart disease are increasingly responsible for morbidity and mortality, but the connection between them and insulin resistance has only been partially elucidated.

There must be some criteria to be able to say insulin resistance. These:

Hyperinsulinemia (upper 1/4 of the nondiabetic population)

Positivity of two or more of the following:

Fasting plasma glucose > 110 mg/dl

Blood pressure > 140/90 mmHg

TG (Triglyceride) > 200 mg/dl

HDL < 50 mg/dl

Waist circumference > 94 cm (male)

Waist circumference > 80 cm (female)